4^th World Congress on Pathology and Clinical Practice October 19-20, 2022 Madrid, Spain

Anatomical pathology is a research that is concern with the identification and examination of disorders based on the microscopic, macroscopic, molecular, and immunologic and biochemical examination of body parts and muscle cells. It comprises the verification of the chemical properties of cells, and their immunological markers. These comprise abscission in the examination of muscle cells removed during resection.

Clinical cardiac electrophysiology is the research of the cardiology and is concerned with the research and treatment of rhythm disorders of the heart. Cardiologists with special knowledge in this sector are usually referred to as electrophysiologists. A cardiologist is a healthcare provider who has 3 or more years of extra experience beyond internal medicine to treat problems of the heart and blood vessels.

Clinical cytogenetic is the research of the relationship of chromosomal alterations and genetic disorders in human

Clinical genetics is the research that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders. Clinical Genetics is the clinical specialty which provides a diagnostic service and genetic counselling for sole person or families with, or at risk of, conditions which may have a genetic basis. The aim of Genetic Services is to help those infected by, or at risk of, a genetic disease to live and reproduce as normally as possible.

Clinical neurophysiology is a curative specialty that reviews the central and peripheral nervous systems through the recording of bioelectrical activity, whether spontaneous or stimulated. It encompasses both study regarding the pathophysiology along with medical methods used to diagnose disorder involving both central and peripheral nervous systems. Examinations in the medical neurophysiology field are not limited to tests conducted in a laboratory. It is thought of as an expansion of a neurologic consultation. Tests that are conducted are concerned with measuring the electrical functions of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves in the limbs and muscles

Clinical pathology is research that is concerned with the diagnosis of disorders based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and tissue homogenates or extracts using the ways of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. This specialty needs a curative residency. Clinical pathologists are often clinical doctors. In some countries in South-America, Europe, Africa or Asia, this specialty can be practiced by non-physicians, such as Ph.D. or Pharm.D after a less number of years of residency.

Clinical microbiology is the research on the isolation and characterization of infectious body parts, so they can be managed and treated in patients. Infections will be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. To diagnose an infection, a sample must be collected from a patient at a body view where the detection of a pathogen or its associated biomarkers is likely to signify disorder. The specimen must be transported to the laboratory in a way that preserves the specimen for the intended testing. Then the specimen must be tested in a manner that is sensitive and specific for the suspected organism causing the disorder

Clinical Immunology is the research in diagnosis & treating patients with inherited or acquired regrets of the immune system that road to infection & autoimmune complications & autoimmune disorders & vasculities where the body harms itself. Immunology measures, uses graphs and differentiate in context in medicine the studies of immunity on cell and molecular level, and the immune system as part of the physiological level as its functioning is of major important.

Clinical pharmacology is the research of curative and scientific training that enables to evaluate evidence and produce new data through well-designed studies. Clinical pharmacology is the study of drugs in social animals. It has a large scope, from the discovery of new target molecules, to the effects of drug in take in whole populations. Medical pharmacologists are physicians, pharmacists, and scientists whose focus is growing and understanding new drug therapies.

Cytopathology is a research of material which is concerned with the microscopic identification of individual cells, muscle cells that obtained from bodily fluid. Cytopathologists are experienced and trained to perform fine-needle aspirates of superficially located body parts, masses, or cysts and are often able to render an immediate diagnosis in the presence of the patient and consulting physician. Cytopathology is commonly used to detect disorders involved a huge range of body sites. Cytopathologic tests to be known to be stain tests as the sample may be spread or stain on top of a glass slide that can be kept under the microscope to detect the cells in order to find the disorders.

Dermatopathology is the research done by the use of microscopes to look at sample of skin, nails and hairs to diagnose disorders. Dermatopathology is a combination of "dermatology," the research of the skin, and "pathology," the research of disorders. It is a joint part of dermatology and pathology or surgical pathology that focuses on the research of cutaneous disorder at a microscopic and molecular level. It also encompasses analyses of the potential causes of skin diseases at a normal level. Dermatopathologists work in near association with clinical dermatologists, with many possessing further clinical training in dermatology

Paediatric pathology focuses on the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders in children. Perinatal Pathology is the research of disorders of the placenta, fetus and neonate.

Histopathologists provide a diagnostic service for cancer; they handle the cells and muscle cells removed from suspicious ‘lumps and bumps’ recognise the nature of the abnormality and, if malignant, provide details to the clinician about the type of cancer, its grade and, for some cancers, its responsiveness to certain treatments. Specifically, in medical medicine, histopathology denote to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been completed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides. In contrast, cytopathology examines free cells or tissue micro-fragments. 

Neuropathology is the research of disorders related to nervous system and it is related to forensic pathology because brain disorders or brain injury can be related to cause of death. Neuropathologists usually work in a sector of anatomic pathology, but work nearly with the clinical disciplines of neurology, and neurosurgery, which often depend on neuropathology for a diagnosis.

Pulmonary pathology is a part of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of tumor and non- tumor disorders of the lungs and thoracic region. It is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorder of the lungs and thoracic pleura. Diagnostic specimens are often got via bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). The diagnosis of inflammatory or fibrotic disorder of the lungs is considered by many pathologists to be particularly challenging.

Renal pathology is a part of anatomic pathology that deals with the diagnosis and characterization of curative disorders of the kidneys. Renal pathologists work nearly with nephrologists and transplant surgeons, who typically get the diagnostic specimens via percutaneous renal biopsy. The renal pathologist must synthesize getting from light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence to get a definitive diagnosis. Curable renal disorder may affect the glomerulus, the tubules and interstitial, the vessels, or a formation of these compartments.

Diagnostic pathology identifies the cause of disorders based on morphologic and/or clinical pathology findings, as well as history, clinical signs, and ancillary test results. It is important in all areas of pathology, both in spontaneous and in experimentally-induced disorders. In experimental learning’s, it is important to separate out the effects of spontaneous disorder and those induced by the experimental agent/test article. Diagnostic pathology is essential to investigate unexpected disorder or death in laboratory fauna colonies or prior to the termination of a research.

Hematopathology is also known as Hemopathology, it is the research of disorders & disease affecting & found in blood cells, their production and any body part & muscle cells involved in haematopoiesis, such as bone marrow , the spleen, and the tymus. In the US, hematopathology is a board-certified part by the American Board of Pathology. Board-eligible or board-certified hematopathologists are usually pathology residents (anatomic, clinical, or combined) who have completed hematopathology fellowship training after their pathology residency.

Environmental Pathology track aims to impart a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms related to environmental and occupational exposures--including chemicals, mineral fibres, and stress--in order to prevent human disorders.

Oral and maxillofacial pathology is the research on disorders of mouth related body parts like Jaws, salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin. The mouth is a very important body part with many different sub body parts. It is also prone to a variety of curative and dental disorders. The specialty oral and maxillofacial pathology is concerned with diagnosis and research of the causes and effects of disorders affecting the oral and maxillofacial area. It is sometimes considered to be a specialty of dentistry and pathology

Psychopathology is the scientific exploration of abnormal mental states that, for more than a century, has provided a Gestalt for psychiatric disease and guided clinical as well as scientific progress in modern psychiatry

Evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP), initially referred to as evidence-based medicine, is explained as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the good evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. 

Veterinary pathology is the research in the diagnosis of disorders through the examination of Animals tissue & body fluids. Other than the diagnosis of disorders in food-producing animals, companion animals, zoo animals and wildlife, Veterinary Pathology also have an important role in drug discovery and safety as well as scientific research. Veterinary Pathology is divided into two branches:

It is the scientific research of disorders in plants caused by pathogens and environmental conditions. Organisms that cause infectious disorders include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant muscle cells.

The examination of muscle cells that have been detached during resection is referred to as surgical pathology. A common example is examining a tiny number of cancer cells to determine if they are malignant (cancerous) or begin and making a diagnosis. A biopsy is the curative procedure used in this strategy. The study of tissues removed from living patients in between surgery to help diagnose a disorder and determine a treatment plan.

Digital pathology is a huge, image-based environment that enables the acquisition, management and interpretation of pathology knowledge generated from a digitized glass slide. Digital pathology is rapidly earning momentum as a proven and essential technology; with specific support for education, tissue based study, drug development, and the practice of human pathology throughout the globe. It is an innovation committed to the reduction of lab expenses, an improvement of operational efficiency, enhanced productivity, and improving treatment decisions and patient care.

Computational pathology is the report of digitized pathology images with associated data, typically using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Deep learning is a type of AI technique, commonly used in computational pathology that is able to "learn" how to achieve tasks based on examples

Clinical research nursing is classified as clinical nursing practice with a specialty focus on study implementation and the care of subjects participating in clinical study. In addition to providing and coordinating medical care, medical study nurses have a central role in ensuring participant safety, ongoing maintenance of informed consent, integrity of protocol implementation, accuracy of data collection, and data analysing, and follow-up.

Cancer has a complex Pathophysiology. Pathologists are physicians who are concerned primarily with the study of disease in all its aspects. This includes cause of the disease, diagnosis, how the disease develops (pathogenesis), mechanism and natural course of the disease. They also deal with biochemical features, progression, and prognosis or outcome of the disorder.Pathology of cancers and other complex diseases have undergone a huge change after development of technologies like immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular biologic approaches to cancer diagnosis.